An motor kagesiiyithuluzi eliguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla emishini, futhi kusukela uFaraday asungula injini yokuqala kagesi, sikwazile ukuphila ukuphila kwethu ngaphandle kwalolu cingo yonke indawo.
Kulezi zinsuku, izimoto zishintsha ngokushesha zisuka ekubeni emishinini eminingi ziye emishinini eshayelwa ngogesi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamamotho ezimotweni kuya ngokuya kusakazeka. Abantu abaningi bangase bangakwazi ukuqagela ukuthi mangaki amamotho afakwe emotweni yabo, futhi isingeniso esilandelayo sizokusiza ukuthi uthole izinjini zemoto yakho.
Izicelo zezinjini ezimotweni
Ukuze uthole ukuthi ikuphi injini emotweni yakho, isihlalo samandla siyindawo ekahle yokuyithola. Ezimotweni ezinomnotho, izinjini ngokuvamile zihlinzeka ngokulungiswa kwangaphambili nangemuva kanye nokutsheka kwe-backrest. Ezimotweni ze-premium,izinjini zikagesiingakwazi ukulawula ukulungiswa kokuphakama, isibonelo, isihlalo esiphansi se-cushion recline, ukusekelwa kwe-lumbar, ukulungiswa kwe-headrest kanye nokuqina kwe-cushion, phakathi kwezinye izici ezingasetshenziswa ngaphandle kwama-motor kagesi. Ezinye izihlalo ezisebenzisa izinjini zikagesi kubalwa ukugoqeka kwezihlalo ezisebenza ngogesi kanye nokulayisha amandla ezihlalweni zangemuva.
Ama-windscreen wiper ayisibonelo esivame kakhulumotor kagesiizicelo ezimotweni zesimanje. Imvamisa, yonke imoto inemoto yokusula okungenani eyodwa yama-wiper angaphambili. Ama-wiper angemuva asethandwa kakhulu ngama-SUV nezimoto ezinezicabha ezingemuva, okusho ukuthi ama-wiper angemuva namamotho ahambisana nawo akhona ezimotweni eziningi. Enye i-motor iphampu i-washer fluid iye kwi-windscreen, kanti kwezinye izimoto iye kumalambu, okungenzeka abe nezawo zokusula kancane.
Cishe yonke imoto ine- blower ehambisa umoya ngesistimu yokushisisa nokupholisa; izimoto eziningi zinabalandeli ababili noma ngaphezulu ekhabetheni. Izimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu nazo zinabalandeli ezihlalweni zokungenisa umoya womcamelo nokusabalalisa ukushisa.
Esikhathini esidlule, amafasitela ayevame ukuvulwa futhi avalwe ngesandla, kodwa manje amawindi kagesi avamile. Izinjini ezifihliwe zifakwe efasiteleni ngalinye, kuhlanganise namafasitela elanga namafasitela angemuva. Ama-actuator asetshenziselwa lawa mawindi angaba lula njengama-relay, kodwa izidingo zokuphepha (njengokuthola izithiyo noma izinto ezibambayo) ziholela ekusetshenzisweni kwama-actuator ahlakaniphile anokuqapha ukunyakaza kanye nomkhawulo wamandla okushayela.
Ukushintsha ukusuka kumanuwali ukuya kugesi, izingidi zezimoto ziba lula kakhulu. Izinzuzo zokulawula okuhamba ngemoto zifaka izici ezilula ezifana nokusebenza kwerimothi, nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe nobuhlakani njengokuvula okuzenzakalelayo ngemva kokushayisana. Ngokungafani namafasitela kagesi, izingidi zeminyango yamandla kufanele zigcine inketho yokusebenza ngesandla, ngakho-ke lokhu kuthinta ukwakheka kwemoto kanye nesakhiwo sesikhiye somnyango wamandla.
Izinkomba kumadeshibhodi noma amaqoqo kungenzeka aguqukele ekubeni ama-light-emitting diode (ama-LED) noma ezinye izinhlobo zezibonisi, kodwa manje yonke into yokudayela negeji isebenzisa amamotho kagesi amancane. Amanye amamotho asesigabeni esihlinzeka kalula ahlanganisa izici ezivamile njengokugoqeka kwesibuko esiseceleni nokulungiswa kwendawo, kanye nezinye izinto ezishintshashintshayo ezifana neziqongo eziguqukayo, amaphedali ahlehlayo, nezihlukanisi zengilazi phakathi komshayeli nomgibeli.
Ngaphansi kwebhonethi, izinjini zikagesi ziya zivame kakhulu kwezinye izindawo. Ezimweni eziningi, ama-motor kagesi athatha indawo yezingxenye zemishini eziqhutshwa ngamabhande. Izibonelo zifaka amafeni erediyetha, amaphampu kaphethiloli, amaphampu amanzi nama-compressor. Kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa zokushintsha le misebenzi isuka ekushayeleni ibhande iye ekushayeleni kukagesi. Okunye ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-drive motors emishinini yesimanje ye-elekthronikhi konga amandla kakhudlwana kunokusebenzisa amabhande nama-pulleys, okuholela ezinzuzweni ezifana nokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli okuthuthukisiwe, isisindo esincishisiwe kanye nokukhipha umoya omncane. Enye inzuzo ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-motor kagesi kunokuba amabhande kuvumela inkululeko eyengeziwe ekwakhiweni kwemishini, njengoba izindawo ezikhuphukayo zamaphampu nabalandeli akudingeki ukuba ziboshwe ibhande lenyoka okufanele lifakwe ku-pulley ngayinye.
Okuthrendayo kubuchwepheshe bezimoto ezisemotweni
Amamotho kagesi abalulekile ezindaweni ezimakwe kumdwebo ongenhla, futhi, ngokulandelayo, njengoba imoto iba ngogesi kakhulu futhi kwenziwa inqubekelaphambili yokushayela ezimele kanye nobuhlakani, amamotho kagesi azosetshenziswa kakhulu emotweni, futhi nohlobo lwamamotho wokushayela nawo luyashintsha.
Nakuba ngaphambili amamotho amaningi ezimotweni ayesebenzisa amasistimu ezimoto ajwayelekile ayi-12V, amasistimu kagesi amabili 12V kanye ne-48V manje asetshenziswa kakhulu, ngohlelo lukagesi olukabili oluvumela ukuthi eminye yemithwalo yamanje ephakeme isuswe ebhethrini elingu-12V. Inzuzo yokusebenzisa ukunikezwa kwe-48V ukuncishiswa kwamanje ngokuphindwe kane kumandla afanayo, kanye nokuncipha okuhambisanayo nesisindo sezintambo nama-motor windings. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinomthwalo wamanje ongathuthukiswa zibe amandla angu-48V zihlanganisa izinjini zokuqalisa, ama-turbocharger, amaphampu kaphethiloli, amaphampu amanzi namafeni okupholisa. Ukufaka isistimu kagesi engu-48V yalezi zingxenye kungase konge cishe amaphesenti angu-10 ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli.
Ukuqonda Izinhlobo Zezimoto
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zidinga amamotho ahlukene, futhi amamotho angahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene.
1. Ukuhlelwa okusekelwe kumthombo wamandla okusebenza - Ngokuya ngomthombo wamandla osebenzayo wenjini, ingahlukaniswa ngamamotho e-DC nama-AC motors. Phakathi kwazo, izinjini ze-AC nazo zihlukaniswe ngama-motor esigaba esisodwa kanye nama-motor ezigaba ezintathu.
2. Ngokwesimiso sokusebenza - ngokwesakhiwo esihlukile kanye nesimiso sokusebenza, injini ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-DC motor, motor asynchronous kanye ne-synchronous motor. Amamotho e-synchronous nawo angahlukaniswa abe amamotho kazibuthe ahambisanayo, amamotor avumelanayo angafuni kanye nama-hysteresis motors. I-Asynchronous motor ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-induction motor kanye ne-AC commutator motor.
3. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwemodi yokuqala neyokusebenza - i-motor ngokuya ngemodi yokuqala neyokusebenza ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-capacitor-started single-phase asynchronous motor, capacitor-run single-phase asynchronous motor, capacitor-started running single-phase asynchronous motor kanye ne-split-phase single-phase asynchronous motor.
4. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa - ama-motor kagesi angahlukaniswa abe yi-drive motors kanye nama-motor okulawula ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa. I-Drive motor ihlukaniswe yaba amathuluzi kagesi (okuhlanganisa ukubhola, ukupholisha, ukugaya, ukupeyinta, ukusika, ukuphinda kwenziwe kabusha namanye amathuluzi) enamamotho kagesi, izinto zikagesi zasendlini (okuhlanganisa nemishini yokuwasha, amafeni kagesi, iziqandisi, ama-air conditioner, ama-tape recorder, ama-VCR, izirekhodi zevidiyo, izidlali ze-DVD, ama-hoover, amakhamera, izinto zokugunda izinwele, njll.) imishini emincane yenhloso evamile (okuhlanganisa amathuluzi emishini emincane eyahlukene, imishini emincane, okokusebenza kwezokwelapha, amathuluzi kagesi, njll.). Izinjini zokulawula zihlukaniswe ngama-motor stepper nama-servo motors.
5. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwesakhiwo se-rotor - motor ngokusho kwesakhiwo se-rotor ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-cage induction motor (izinga elidala libizwa ngokuthi i-squirrel cage asynchronous motor) kanye ne-wire-nxeba rotor induction motor (izinga elidala libizwa ngokuthi i-wire-wound motor asynchronous).
6. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwesivinini sokusebenza - i-motor ngokuya ngesivinini sokusebenza ingahlukaniswa ngama-motor anesivinini esikhulu, ama-motor anesivinini esiphansi, ama-motor ahamba ngesivinini esingaguquki, ama-motor esivinini.
Njengamanje, amamotho amaningi ezinhlelo zokusebenza zomzimba wezimoto asebenzisa ama-DC motors, okuyisixazululo sendabuko. Lawa ma-motor kulula ukuwashayela futhi awabizi kakhulu ngenxa yomsebenzi wokushintsha ohlinzekwa amabhulashi. Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, amamotho e-brushless DC (BLDC) ahlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezibalulekile mayelana nokuminyana kwamandla, okunciphisa isisindo futhi anikeze ukonga okungcono kukaphethiloli kanye nokukhipha umoya ophansi, futhi abakhiqizi bakhetha ukusebenzisa amamotho e-BLDC kumawipha we-windscreen, ukushisisa amakhabethe, ama-ventilation nama-air conditioning (HVAC) namaphampu. Kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, amamotho ajwayele ukusebenza isikhathi eside esikhundleni sokusebenza kwesikhashana njengamafasitela kagesi noma izihlalo zikagesi, lapho ubulula nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko zamamotho abhulashiwe kuqhubeka nokuba nenzuzo.
Amamotho kagesi afanele izimoto zikagesi
Ukushintsha ukusuka ezimotweni ezonga uphethiloli ukuya ezimotweni ezisebenza ngogesi kuphela kuzobona ukushintshela ezinjinini ezishayelwa yinjini enhliziyweni yemoto.
I-motor drive system iyinhliziyo yemoto kagesi, equkethe injini, isiguquli samandla, izinzwa ezihlukahlukene zokubona kanye nogesi. Amamotho afanelekile ezimotweni zikagesi afaka: Amamotho e-DC, ama-brushless DC motors, ama-asynchronous motors, ama-motor synchronous azibuthe ahlala njalo, nama-switched reluctance motors.
I-DC motor iyinjini eguqula amandla kagesi e-DC abe amandla emishini, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhuduleni kwamandla kagesi ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kokulawula isivinini. Iphinde ibe nezici ze-torque enkulu yokuqala kanye nokulawula okulula, ngakho-ke, noma yimuphi umshini oqala ngaphansi komthwalo osindayo noma odinga ukulawulwa kwejubane elifanayo, njengezigayo ezinkulu ezihlehliswayo ezihlehliswayo, amawintshi, izitimela zikagesi, amathilamu nokunye, kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa ama-DC motors.
I-Brushless DC motor ihambisana kakhulu nezici zomthwalo wezimoto zikagesi, ezinezici ze-torque ezinkulu ezinesivinini esiphansi, ingahlinzeka ngethoshi enkulu yokuqala ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zokusheshisa izimoto zikagesi, ngasikhathi sinye, ingagijima ngesivinini esiphansi, esimaphakathi nesiphezulu, futhi inezici ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ezimweni ezilayishwe ukukhanya, inokusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Ububi ukuthi injini ngokwayo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kune-AC motor futhi isilawuli siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kune-brushed DC motor.
I-Asynchronous motor, okungukuthi i-induction motor, iyisisetshenziswa lapho i-rotor ibekwe khona endaweni yamagnetic ejikelezayo, futhi ngaphansi kwesenzo sensimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo, kutholakala i-torque ejikelezayo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela i-rotor ijikeleza. Isakhiwo se-Asynchronous motor silula, kulula ukusikhiqiza nokuyigcina, sisondelene nezici zokulayisha isivinini esingaguquki, singahlangabezana nezidingo zokudonsa kwemishini eminingi yokukhiqiza yezimboni nezolimo. Kodwa-ke, isivinini semoto e-asynchronous kanye nesivinini sayo esizungezayo sakazibuthe sinezinga elimisiwe lokuzungeza, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukulawulwa kwesivinini kubi, hhayi ngokomnotho njengemoto ye-DC, eguquguqukayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumandla aphezulu, izinhlelo zokusebenza zejubane eliphansi, ama-asynchronous motors awanengqondo njengama-synchronous motors.
Uzibuthe unomphela i-synchronous motor iyinjini ehambisanayo ekhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe ejikelezayo ngokuvusa amadlingozi odonsa unomphela, asebenza njengerotha ukuze akhiqize inkambu yakazibuthe ezungezayo, futhi ama-winding stator ezigaba ezintathu asabela nge-armature ngaphansi kwesenzo sensimu kazibuthe ezungezayo, engenisa imisinga yokulinganisa yezigaba ezintathu. Imoto kazibuthe unomphela incane ngosayizi, ilula ngesisindo, ine-inertia encane ezungezayo kanye nokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, elungele izimoto zikagesi ezinendawo elinganiselwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inesilinganiso esikhulu se-torque-to-inertia, umthamo oqinile wokulayisha ngokweqile, kanye ne-torque enkulu ephumayo ikakhulukazi ngesivinini esiphansi sokujikeleza, esilungele ukusheshisa ukuqalisa kwemoto yekhompyutha. Ngakho-ke, amamotho kazibuthe ahlala njalo aye abonwa ngokujwayelekile ngezikhathi zezimoto zikagesi zasekhaya nezangaphandle futhi asetshenziswe ezimotweni eziningi zikagesi. Isibonelo, izimoto eziningi zikagesi eJapan zishayelwa amamotho kazibuthe ahlala njalo, asetshenziswa kuToyota Prius hybrid.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-31-2024