An injini kagesiiyithuluzi eliguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla omshini, futhi kusukela ekusungulweni kukaFaraday kwenjini yokuqala kagesi, sikwazile ukuphila izimpilo zethu ngaphandle kwale divayisi yonke indawo.
Kulezi zinsuku, izimoto zishintsha ngokushesha kusukela ekubeni imishini kakhulu kuya kumadivayisi aqhutshwa ngogesi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezinjini ezimotweni kuya ngokuya kusabalala. Abantu abaningi bangase bangakwazi ukuqagela ukuthi zingaki izinjini ezifakwe emotweni yabo, futhi isingeniso esilandelayo sizokusiza ukuthola izinjini emotweni yakho.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-motor ezimotweni
Ukuze uthole ukuthi injini ikuphi emotweni yakho, isihlalo samandla siyindawo efanelekile yokuyithola. Ezimotweni ezingabizi kakhulu, izinjini zivame ukunikeza ukulungiswa kwangaphambili nangemuva kanye nokuthambekela kwe-backrest. Ezimotweni zekhwalithi ephezulu,ama-motor kagesiingalawula ukulungiswa kokuphakama, isibonelo, ukugoba komcamelo ongaphansi kwesihlalo, ukwesekwa kwe-lumbar, ukulungiswa kwe-headrest kanye nokuqina komcamelo, phakathi kwezinye izici ezingasetshenziswa ngaphandle kwama-motor kagesi. Ezinye izici zesihlalo ezisebenzisa ama-motor kagesi zifaka phakathi ukugoqwa kwesihlalo samandla kanye nokulayisha amandla kwezihlalo zangemuva.
Ama-wiper e-windscreen ayisibonelo esivame kakhulu salokhuinjini kagesiukusetshenziswa ezimotweni zesimanje. Ngokuvamile, imoto ngayinye inenjini eyodwa okungenani yama-wiper yama-wiper angaphambili. Ama-wiper amafasitela angemuva aya ngokuya ethandwa kakhulu ngama-SUV nezimoto ezinezicabha ezingemuva zendlu, okusho ukuthi ama-wiper angemuva nama-motor ahambisanayo akhona ezimotweni eziningi. Enye injini iphampa uketshezi lokuwasha oluya esikrinini sangaphambili, kanti kwezinye izimoto iya ezibanini, ezingase zibe ne-wiper yazo encane.
Cishe yonke imoto inomshini wokuphefumula ohambisa umoya ohlelweni lokushisa nokupholisa; izimoto eziningi zinabalandeli ababili noma ngaphezulu ekhabinini. Izimoto eziphezulu nazo zinabalandeli ezihlalweni zokungenisa umoya kanye nokusabalalisa ukushisa.
Esikhathini esidlule, amafasitela ayevame ukuvulwa nokuvalwa ngesandla, kodwa manje amafasitela kagesi avamile. Ama-motor afihliwe afakwe efasiteleni ngalinye, kufaka phakathi ama-sunroof namafasitela angemuva. Ama-actuator asetshenziswa kula mafasitela angaba lula njengama-relay, kodwa izidingo zokuphepha (njengokubona izithiyo noma izinto ezibambayo) ziholela ekusetshenzisweni kwama-actuator ahlakaniphile anokuqapha ukunyakaza kanye nomkhawulo wamandla okushayela.
Ukushintsha kusuka kokusebenzisa ngesandla kuya kokusebenzisa kagesi, izingidi zezimoto ziya ngokuya zilula. Izinzuzo zokulawula ngenjini zifaka phakathi izici ezilula njengokusebenza kude, kanye nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe kanye nobuhlakani njengokuvula okuzenzakalelayo ngemva kokushayisana. Ngokungafani namafasitela kagesi, izingidi zeminyango kagesi kumele zigcine inketho yokusebenza ngesandla, ngakho-ke lokhu kuthinta ukwakheka kwenjini kanye nesakhiwo sesingidi seminyango kagesi.
Izinkomba ezikumadeshibhodi noma amaqoqo kungenzeka ukuthi ziphenduke ama-diode akhipha ukukhanya (ama-LED) noma ezinye izinhlobo zezibonisi, kodwa manje yonke i-dial ne-gauge isebenzisa ama-motor kagesi amancane. Amanye ama-motor esigabeni esihlinzeka kalula afaka izici ezivamile njengokugoqwa kwesibuko esiseceleni nokulungiswa kwesikhundla, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi eziguquguqukayo njengeziqongo eziguqulwayo, ama-pedal ahlehliswayo, kanye nezihlukanisi zengilazi phakathi komshayeli nomgibeli.
Ngaphansi kwebhonethi, ama-motor kagesi aya ngokuya evame kakhulu kwezinye izindawo eziningi. Ezimweni eziningi, ama-motor kagesi athatha indawo yezingxenye zemishini eziqhutshwa yibhande. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi abalandeli be-radiator, amaphampu kaphethiloli, amaphampu amanzi nama-compressor. Kunezinzuzo eziningana zokushintsha le misebenzi kusukela ku-belt drive kuya ku-electric drive. Esinye ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-drive motors emishinini yesimanje kagesi kusebenzisa amandla amaningi kunokusebenzisa amabhande nama-pulley, okuholela ezinzuzweni ezifana nokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli, isisindo esincishisiwe kanye nokukhishwa okuphansi komoya. Enye inzuzo ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-motor kagesi esikhundleni samabhande kuvumela inkululeko eyengeziwe ekwakhiweni kwemishini, njengoba izindawo zokufaka amaphampu namafeni akudingeki zivinjelwe yibhande le-serpentine okumele linamathiselwe ku-pulley ngayinye.
Izitayela zobuchwepheshe bezimoto ezisetshenziswa ngaphakathi emotweni
Ama-motor kagesi abalulekile ezindaweni eziphawulwe kumdwebo ongenhla, futhi, kamuva, njengoba imoto iba ngogesi kakhulu futhi kwenziwa intuthuko yokushayela ngokuzimela kanye nobuhlakani, ama-motor kagesi azosetshenziswa kakhulu emotweni, futhi uhlobo lwama-motor okushayela nalo luyashintsha.
Nakuba ngaphambili izinjini eziningi ezimotweni zazisebenzisa izinhlelo zezimoto ezijwayelekile ze-12V, izinhlelo ze-dual voltage 12V kanye ne-48V manje seziqala ukusetshenziswa, uhlelo lwe-dual voltage luvumela eminye yemithwalo yamandla aphezulu ukuthi isuswe ebhethrini le-12V. Inzuzo yokusebenzisa ukuphakelwa kwe-48V ukwehla okuphindwe kane kwamandla kagesi afanayo, kanye nokwehla kwesisindo sezintambo kanye nama-windings ezimoto. Izicelo ezinemithwalo yamandla aphezulu ezingabuyekezwa kumandla we-48V zifaka phakathi ama-starter motors, ama-turbocharger, amaphampu kaphethiloli, amaphampu amanzi kanye nabalandeli bokupholisa. Ukubeka uhlelo lukagesi lwe-48V kulezi zingxenye kungonakalisa cishe amaphesenti ayi-10 ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli.
Ukuqonda Izinhlobo Zezimoto
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zidinga ama-motor ahlukene, futhi ama-motor angahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezahlukene.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa okusekelwe emthonjeni wamandla okusebenza - Kuye ngomthombo wamandla okusebenza wemoto, ingahlukaniswa ngama-DC motors kanye nama-AC motors. Phakathi kwawo, ama-AC motors ahlukaniswe ngama-single-phase motors kanye nama-three-phase motors.
2. Ngokwesimiso sokusebenza - ngokwesakhiwo esihlukile kanye nesimiso sokusebenza, imoto ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-DC motor, i-asynchronous motor kanye ne-synchronous motor. Ama-synchronous motor angahlukaniswa futhi abe ama-permanent magnet synchronous motors, ama-antirement synchronous motors kanye nama-hysteresis motors. I-Asynchronous motor ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-induction motor kanye ne-AC commutator motor.
3. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwemodi yokuqala nokusebenza - imoto ngokwemodi yokuqala nokusebenza ingahlukaniswa ibe yimoto engavumelani nesigaba esisodwa eqalwe yi-capacitor, imoto engavumelani nesigaba esisodwa eqalwe yi-capacitor, imoto engavumelani nesigaba esisodwa eqalwe yi-capacitor kanye nemoto engavumelani nesigaba esisodwa eqalwe yi-split-phase.
4. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwendlela okusetshenziswa ngayo - ama-motor kagesi angahlukaniswa ngama-drive motors kanye nama-control motors ngokwendlela okusetshenziswa ngayo. I-Drive motor ihlukaniswe ngamathuluzi kagesi (kufaka phakathi ukubhoboza, ukupholisha, ukugaya, ukufaka izikhala, ukusika, ukulungisa kabusha kanye namanye amathuluzi) ngama-motor kagesi, izinto zikagesi zasekhaya (kufaka phakathi imishini yokuwasha, amafeni kagesi, amafriji, ama-air conditioner, ama-tape recorder, ama-VCR, ama-video recorder, abadlali be-DVD, ama-hoovers, amakhamera, ama-hairdryer, ama-electric shaver, njll.) ngama-motor kagesi kanye neminye imishini nemishini emincane esetshenziswayo (kufaka phakathi amathuluzi amancane ahlukahlukene, imishini emincane, imishini yezokwelapha, izinsimbi zikagesi, njll.). Ama-control motor ahlukaniswe ngama-stepper motors kanye nama-servo motors.
5. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwesakhiwo se-rotor - injini ngokwesakhiwo se-rotor ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-cage induction motor (i-standard endala ibizwa ngokuthi i-squirrel cage asynchronous motor) kanye ne-wire-wound rotor induction motor (i-standard endala ibizwa ngokuthi i-wire-wound asynchronous motor).
6. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwejubane lokusebenza - injini ngokwejubane lokusebenza ingahlukaniswa ngama-motor anejubane eliphezulu, ama-motor anejubane eliphansi, ama-motor anejubane elingaguquki, ama-motor anejubane eliqhubekayo.
Njengamanje, iningi lezinjini ezisetshenziswa emzimbeni wezimoto zisebenzisa ama-motor e-DC axutshwe ngebhulashi, okuyisisombululo sendabuko. Lawa ma-motor alula ukuwashayela futhi ashibhile ngenxa yomsebenzi wokushintsha ohlinzekwa ngamabhulashi. Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, ama-motor e-DC (BLDC) angenamabhulashi anikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile maqondana nobuningi bamandla, okunciphisa isisindo futhi kuhlinzeke ngokunciphisa uphethiloli kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi, futhi abakhiqizi bakhetha ukusebenzisa ama-motor e-BLDC kuma-wiper e-windscreen, ama-blower e-cabin heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) kanye nama-pump. Kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, ama-motor avame ukusebenza isikhathi eside kunomsebenzi wesikhashana njengamafasitela kagesi noma izihlalo zamandla, lapho ukulula kanye nokusebenza kahle kwama-motor axutshwe ngebhulashi kuqhubeka nokuba nenzuzo.
Ama-motor kagesi afanelekela izimoto zikagesi
Ukushintsha kusuka ezimotweni ezisebenzisa uphethiloli kuya ezimotweni zikagesi kuphela kuzoholela ekushintsheni ezinjinini eziqhutshwa yinjini enhliziyweni yemoto.
Uhlelo lokushayela imoto luyinhliziyo yemoto kagesi, equkethe injini, i-power converter, izinzwa zokuthola ezahlukahlukene kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla. Ama-motor afanele izimoto zikagesi afaka: ama-DC motors, ama-DC motors angenamabhulashi, ama-motor angenawo ukuvumelanisa, ama-permanent magnet synchronous motors, kanye nama-switched santiness motors.
I-DC motor iyimoto eguqula amandla kagesi e-DC abe amandla omshini, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekudonseni amandla kagesi ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kokulawula isivinini. Iphinde ibe nezici ze-torque enkulu yokuqala kanye nokulawula okulula, ngakho-ke, noma yimuphi umshini oqala ngaphansi komthwalo osindayo noma odinga ukulawulwa kwesivinini okufanayo, njengemishini emikhulu yokugoqa eguquguqukayo, ama-winches, ama-locomotive kagesi, ama-tram njalo njalo, ifanele ukusetshenziswa kwama-DC motors.
Imoto ye-DC engenamabhulashi ihambisana kakhulu nezici zomthwalo wezimoto zikagesi, enezimpawu ze-torque enkulu enesivinini esiphansi, inganikeza i-torque enkulu yokuqala ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusheshisa zezimoto zikagesi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingasebenza ngesivinini esiphansi, esiphakathi nesiphezulu, futhi inezici zokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ezimweni ezilayishwe kalula, inokusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Okubi ukuthi imoto ngokwayo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunemoto ye-AC futhi isilawuli siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunemoto ye-DC ebhulashiwe.
Imoto engahambisani nemingcele, okungukuthi i-induction motor, iyithuluzi lapho i-rotor ifakwa khona ensimini yamagnetic ejikelezayo, futhi ngaphansi kwesenzo sensimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo, kutholakala i-torque ejikelezayo, ngaleyo ndlela i-rotor iyajikeleza. Isakhiwo semoto engahambisani nemingcele silula, kulula ukusenza nokuyinakekela, sinezici zomthwalo wejubane eliseduze nelingaguquki, singahlangabezana nezidingo zemishini eminingi yokukhiqiza yezimboni neyezolimo. Kodwa-ke, ijubane lemoto engahambisani nemingcele kanye nejubane layo elijikelezayo lensimu yamagnetic linesilinganiso esinqunyiwe sokujikeleza, ngakho-ke ukulawulwa kwejubane kubi, hhayi okonga njengemoto ye-DC, kuyaguquguquka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezisetshenzisweni zamandla aphezulu, ezisheshayo, ama-motor angahambisani nemingcele awafaneleki njengama-motor angahambisani nemingcele.
Injini ye-permanent magnet synchronous iyinjini ye-synchronous ekhiqiza insimu ye-magnetic ejikelezayo ehambisanayo ngokuvusa oma-magnets ahlala njalo, asebenza njenge-rotor ukukhiqiza insimu ye-magnetic ejikelezayo, futhi ama-stator windings e-phase-phase amathathu asabela nge-armature ngaphansi kwesenzo sensimu ye-magnetic ejikelezayo, ebangela imisinga ye-symmetrical ye-phase-phase-three. Injini ye-magnet ehlala njalo incane ngobukhulu, ilula ngesisindo, ine-inertia encane ejikelezayo kanye nobuningi bamandla aphezulu, okufanele izimoto zikagesi ezinesikhala esilinganiselwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inesilinganiso esikhulu se-torque-to-inertia, amandla okulayisha ngokweqile aqinile, kanye ne-torque enkulu yokukhipha ikakhulukazi ngesivinini esiphansi sokujikeleza, okufanelekela ukusheshisa kokuqala kwemoto ekhompyutha. Ngakho-ke, ama-magnet motor ahlala njalo aqashelwa ngokuvamile yizinkathi zezimoto zikagesi zasekhaya nezangaphandle futhi asetshenziswe ezimotweni eziningi zikagesi. Isibonelo, izimoto eziningi zikagesi eJapane ziqhutshwa ama-magnet motor ahlala njalo, asetshenziswa ku-Toyota Prius hybrid.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-31-2024