Lapho i-voltage incishisiwe, injini, njengesisetshenziswa esiyinhloko sedrayivu kagesi, ibhekana nochungechunge lwezinguquko ezibalulekile. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwalezi zinguquko, eziklanyelwe ukusiza ukuqonda kangcono umthelela wokunciphisa amandla kagesi ekusebenzeni kwemoto nezimo zokusebenza.
一、 Izinguquko Zamanje
Incazelo yomgomo: Ngokomthetho ka-Ohm, ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-I yamanje, i-voltage U-U kanye nokumelana no-R ngu-I=U/R. Kuma-motor kagesi, ukumelana no-R (ikakhulukazi ukumelana ne-stator kanye nokumelana ne-rotor) ngokuvamile akushintshi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukunciphisa i-voltage U kuzoholela ngokuqondile ekwandeni kwamanje I. Ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-motor kagesi, ukuguqulwa kwamanje kuzofana nokuphikisana kwe-stator. Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamamotho, ukubonakaliswa okuqondile kwezinguquko zamanje kungase kuhluke.
Ukusebenza okuqondile:
Amamotho e-DC: ama-brushless DC motors (BLDC) kanye nama-DC motors athuthukisiwe athola ukwanda okukhulu kwamandla lapho i-voltage yehliswa uma umthwalo uhlala ungashintshi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi injini idinga okwamanje okwengeziwe ukuze igcine ukuphuma kwe-torque yasekuqaleni.
Amamotho e-AC: Kumamotor asynchronous, nakuba injini inciphisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ijubane layo ukuze ihambisane nomthwalo lapho i-voltage incishisiwe, yamanje ingase ikhuphuke esimweni somthwalo osindayo noma oshintsha ngokushesha kakhulu. Ngokuqondene ne-synchronous motor, uma umthwalo uhlala ungashintshi lapho i-voltage yehliswa, yamanje ngeke ishintshe kakhulu ngokwethiyori, kodwa uma umthwalo ukhuphuka, owamanje uzokhula futhi.
二, itorque nokushintsha kwesivinini
Ukushintsha kwe-torque: Ukunciphisa amandla kagesi ngokuvamile kuholela ekwehlisweni kwetorque yemoto. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-torque ilingana nomkhiqizo wamanje kanye ne-flux, futhi lapho i-voltage yehliswa, nakuba inyuka yamanje, i-flux ingase yehle ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-voltage, okuholela ekwehleni kwe-torque yonke. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, njengakuma-DC motors, uma i-current ikhuphuka ngokwanele, ingase inxephezele ukwehla kokugeleza ngezinga elithile, igcine i-torque izinzile.
Ukushintsha isivinini: Kumamotho e-AC, ikakhulukazi ama-asynchronous kanye nama-synchronous motors, ukuncipha kwe-voltage kuzoholela ngokuqondile ekunciphiseni isivinini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ijubane lemoto lihlobene nemvamisa yokuphakelwa kwamandla kanye nenani lamapheya e-motor pole, futhi ukuncishiswa kwe-voltage kuzothinta amandla enkambu kagesi kagesi, okubuye kunciphise isivinini. Kumamotho e-DC, ijubane lilingana ne-voltage, ngakho-ke isivinini sizokwehla ngokufanele lapho i-voltage yehla.
三, ukusebenza kahle nokushisa
Ukusebenza kahle okuphansi: i-voltage ephansi izoholela ekusebenzeni kahle kwezimoto. Ngenxa yokuthi i-motor ekusebenzeni kwe-voltage ephansi, idinga amandla amanje kakhulu ukuze kugcinwe amandla okukhipha, futhi ukwanda kwamanje kuzokwandisa ukulahlekelwa kwethusi nokulahlekelwa kwensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukusebenza kahle okuphelele.
Ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kokushisa: Ngenxa yokwenyuka kokusebenza kahle kwamanje kanye nokunciphayo, izinjini zikhiqiza ukushisa okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Lokhu akusheshisi nje kuphela ukuguga nokuguga kwenjini, kodwa futhi kungase kuqalise ukusebenza kwedivayisi yokuvikela ukushisa ngokweqile, okuholela ekuvaleni kwemoto.
四, umthelela empilweni yemoto
Ukusebenza isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwamandla kagesi angazinzile noma indawo yamandla kagesi aphansi kuzofinyeza kakhulu impilo yesevisi yemoto. Ngoba ukuncishiswa kukagesi okubangelwa ukwanda kwamanje, ukushintshashintsha kwetorque, ukwehla kwesivinini kanye nokwehliswa kokusebenza kahle nezinye izinkinga kuzodala umonakalo esakhiweni sangaphakathi nokusebenza kukagesi wenjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kokushisa kuzosheshisa inqubo yokuguga yezinto zokufakelwa kwezimoto.
五、Izinyathelo zokulwa
Ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wokuncishiswa kwamandla kagesi kumotho, lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo zingathathwa:
Lungiselela uhlelo lokuphakela amandla: qinisekisa ukuthi i-voltage yegridi yokuphakela amandla izinzile, ukugwema umthelela wokushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi enjini.
Ukukhethwa kwamamotho afanelekile: ekwakhiweni nasekukhethweni kokuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi kubhekwe ngokugcwele izici zokukhethwa kwamamotho anezinhlobonhlobo zokuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi.
Faka i-voltage stabilizer: faka i-voltage stabilizer noma isilawuli se-voltage lapho ufaka injini ukuze ugcine ukuqina kwamandla kagesi.
Qinisa ukunakekelwa: ukuhlolwa njalo nokugcinwa kwemoto ukuze kutholwe futhi kubhekwane nezinkinga ezingase zibe khona ngesikhathi ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yesevisi yemoto.
Kafushane, umthelela wokuncishiswa kwamandla kagesi emotweni unezici eziningi, okuhlanganisa izinguquko zamanje, izinguquko zetorque nesivinini, ukusebenza kahle kanye nezinkinga zokushisa kanye nomthelela wempilo yemoto. Ngakho-ke, ekusebenzeni okusebenzayo kudingeka uthathe izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa le miphumela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile nokuzinzile kwemoto.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-08-2024