Uma i-voltage incishisiwe, i-motor, njengedivayisi eyinhloko ye-electric drive, idlula ochungechungeni lwezinguquko ezibalulekile. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwalezi zinguquko, okwenzelwe ukusiza ukuqonda kangcono umthelela wokunciphisa i-voltage ekusebenzeni kwe-motor kanye nezimo zokusebenza.
Izinguquko Zamanje
Incazelo yesimiso: Ngokomthetho ka-Ohm, ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-current I, i-voltage U kanye nokumelana R yi-I=U/R. Kuma-motor kagesi, ukumelana R (ikakhulukazi ukumelana ne-stator kanye nokumelana ne-rotor) ngokuvamile akushintshi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukwehla kwe-voltage U kuzoholela ngqo ekwandeni kwe-current I. Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zama-motor kagesi, ushintsho lwamanje luzofana nolokumelana ne-stator. Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zama-motor, ukubonakaliswa okuqondile kwezinguquko zamanje kungahluka.
Ukusebenza okuqondile:
Ama-motor e-DC: ama-motor e-DC angenamabhulashi (BLDC) kanye nama-motor e-DC axutshwe ngebhulashi athola ukwanda okukhulu kwamandla kagesi lapho i-voltage incishiswa uma umthwalo uhlala ungaguquki. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi injini idinga amandla kagesi amaningi ukuze igcine amandla kagesi okuqala.
Ama-motor e-AC: Kuma-motor angenawo ugesi, yize injini inciphisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ijubane layo ukuze ifane nomthwalo lapho i-voltage yehliswa, ugesi usengakhuphuka uma umthwalo usinda noma ushintsha ngokushesha. Ngokuphathelene ne-motor ehambisanayo, uma umthwalo ungashintshi lapho i-voltage yehliswa, ugesi ngeke ushintshe kakhulu ngokwethiyori, kodwa uma umthwalo ukhuphuka, ugesi nawo uzokhula.
二、torque kanye noshintsho lwesivinini
Ukushintsha kwe-torque: Ukwehla kwe-voltage kuvame ukuholela ekunciphiseni kwe-torque yemoto. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-torque ilingana nomkhiqizo wamanje kanye ne-flux, futhi lapho i-voltage yehliswa, yize ugesi ukhuphuka, i-flux ingase yehle ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-voltage, okuholela ekwehleni kwe-torque iyonke. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, njengakuma-DC motors, uma ugesi ukhushulwa ngokwanele, ungase ukhokhele ukwehla kwe-flux ngezinga elithile, ugcine i-torque izinzile.
Ukushintsha kwesivinini: Kuma-motor e-AC, ikakhulukazi ama-motor angahambisani ne-synchronous kanye nama-synchronous, ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kuzoholela ngqo ekwehleni kwesivinini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ijubane lemoto lihlobene nemvamisa yokunikezwa kwamandla kanye nenani lama-motor pole pairs, futhi ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kuzothinta amandla ensimu ye-electromagnetic yemoto, okuzonciphisa isivinini. Kuma-motor e-DC, ijubane lilingana ne-voltage, ngakho-ke ijubane lizokwehla ngokufanele lapho amandla kagesi ehla.
Ukuphumelela kanye nokushisa
Ukusebenza kahle okuphansi: i-voltage ephansi izoholela ekusebenzeni kahle kwenjini okuphansi. Ngoba injini ekusebenzeni kwe-voltage ephansi, idinga ugesi owengeziwe ukuze igcine amandla okukhipha, futhi ukwanda kogesi kuzokhulisa ukulahleka kwethusi kwenjini kanye nokulahlekelwa yinsimbi, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukusebenza kahle okuphelele.
Ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kokushisa: Ngenxa yokwanda kwamandla kagesi kanye nokusebenza kahle okunciphile, ama-motor akhiqiza ukushisa okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Lokhu akusheshisi nje kuphela ukuguga nokuguguleka kwemoto, kodwa futhi kungabangela ukusebenza kwedivayisi yokuvikela ukushisa ngokweqile, okuholela ekuvalekeni kwemoto.
Umthelela empilweni yemoto
Ukusebenza isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwe-voltage engazinzile noma indawo ene-voltage ephansi kuzofinyeza kakhulu impilo yenkonzo yemoto. Ngoba ukwehla kwe-voltage okubangelwa ukwanda kwamandla kagesi, ukushintshashintsha kwe-torque, ukwehla kwesivinini kanye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nezinye izinkinga kuzobangela umonakalo esakhiweni sangaphakathi kanye nokusebenza kukagesi kwemoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kokushisa kuzosheshisa nenqubo yokuguga kwezinto zokuvikela injini.
五、Izinyathelo zokulwa
Ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wokunciphisa i-voltage enjinini, kungathathwa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
Lungiselela uhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamandla: qiniseka ukuthi i-voltage yegridi yokuphakelwa kwamandla izinzile, ukuze ugweme umthelela wokushintshashintsha kwamandla enjini.
Ukukhethwa kwama-motor afanele: ekwakhiweni nasekukhethweni kokuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi, cabanga ngokugcwele ngezinto ezisetshenziswa ekukhethweni kwama-motor anohlobo olubanzi lokuzivumelanisa namandla kagesi.
Faka isiqinisi se-voltage: faka isiqinisi se-voltage noma i-voltage regulator lapho injini ingena khona ukuze kulondolozwe ukuzinza kwe-voltage.
Qinisa ukulungiswa: ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa njalo kwenjini ukuze kutholakale futhi kuxazululwe izinkinga ezingaba khona ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze kwandiswe isikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini.
Ngamafuphi, umthelela wokunciphisa amandla kagesi enjinini unezinhlangothi eziningi, okuhlanganisa izinguquko zamanje, izinguquko ze-torque nesivinini, izinkinga zokusebenza kahle kanye nokushisa kanye nomthelela wokuphila kwenjini. Ngakho-ke, ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo kudingeka kuthathwe izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa le miphumela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuzinzile kwenjini.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-08-2024