Ibhatata elishisayo! “- Lokhu kungaba ukuthinta kokuqala onjiniyela abaningi, abenzi, kanye nabafundi abanakho kuma-motor ama-micro stepper ngesikhathi sokulungisa amaphutha ephrojekthi. Kuyinto evamile kakhulu ukuthi ama-motor ama-micro stepper akhiqize ukushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Kodwa isihluthulelo siwukuthi, kushisa kangakanani okuvamile? Futhi kushisa kangakanani okubonisa inkinga?

Ukushisa okukhulu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini, i-torque, kanye nokunemba, kodwa futhi kusheshisa ukuguga kwe-insulation yangaphakathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuholela ekulimaleni okungapheli kwenjini. Uma ulwa nokushisa kwama-motor amancane e-stepper kuphrinta yakho ye-3D, umshini we-CNC, noma irobhothi, khona-ke lesi sihloko singesakho. Sizohlola izimbangela zomkhuhlane futhi sikunikeze izixazululo ezi-5 zokupholisa ngokushesha.

Ingxenye 1: Ukuhlola imbangela yezimpande - kungani injini ye-micro stepper ikhiqiza ukushisa?

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukucacisa umqondo oyinhloko: ukushisa kwama-micro stepper motors akunakugwenywa futhi akunakugwenywa ngokuphelele. Ukushisa kwakho kuvela kakhulu ezicini ezimbili:

1. Ukulahlekelwa yinsimbi (ukulahlekelwa okuyinhloko): I-stator yemoto yenziwe ngamashidi ensimbi e-silicon ahlanganisiwe, futhi insimu kazibuthe eshintshanayo izokhiqiza ama-eddy currents kanye ne-hysteresis kuyo, okubangela ukukhiqizwa kokushisa. Le ngxenye yokulahlekelwa ihlobene nesivinini semoto (imvamisa), futhi uma ijubane liphakeme, ukulahlekelwa yinsimbi kuvame ukuba kukhulu.

2. Ukulahleka kwethusi (ukulahlekelwa ukumelana nokugoba): Lona umthombo oyinhloko wokushisa futhi yingxenye esingagxila kuyo ekwenzeni ngcono. Kulandela umthetho kaJoule: P=I ² × R.

P (ukulahlekelwa amandla): Amandla aguqulwa ngqo abe ukushisa.

Mina (okwamanje):Ugesi ogeleza ngokugoqa injini.

R (Ukumelana):Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kokugoba kwenjini.

Kalula nje, inani lokushisa elikhiqizwayo lilingana nesikwele samandla kagesi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho nokwanda okuncane kwamandla kagesi kungaholela ekukhuphukeni kokushisa okugoqekile kwesikwele. Cishe zonke izixazululo zethu zigxile endleleni yokuphatha lo mandla kagesi (I) ngokwesayensi.

Ingxenye 2: Izimbangela ezinhlanu ezinkulu - Ukuhlaziywa kwezimbangela ezithile eziholela emkhunjini omkhulu

Uma izinga lokushisa lenjini liphezulu kakhulu (njengokushisa kakhulu ukuthi ungakuthinta, ngokuvamile kudlula 70-80 ° C), kuvame ukubangelwa yisinye noma ngaphezulu kwezizathu ezilandelayo:

Icala lokuqala ukuthi ugesi wokushayela usethwe phezulu kakhulu

Lena indawo yokuhlola evame kakhulu futhi eyinhloko. Ukuze bathole i-torque enkulu yokukhipha, abasebenzisi bavame ukujikisa i-potentiometer yokulawula yamanje kubashayeli (njenge-A4988, TMC2208, TB6600) kakhulu. Lokhu kuholele ngqo ekutheni i-winding current (I) idlule kakhulu inani elilinganisiwe lemoto, futhi ngokusho kwe-P=I ² × R, ukushisa kwanda kakhulu. Khumbula: ukwanda kwe-torque kuza ngezindleko zokushisa.

Imbangela yesibili: I-voltage engalungile kanye nemodi yokushayela

I-voltage yokunikezela iphezulu kakhulu: Uhlelo lwe-stepper motor lusebenzisa "i-constant current drive", kodwa i-voltage ephezulu yokunikezwa isho ukuthi umshayeli angakwazi "ukucindezela" i-current ku-motor winding ngesivinini esisheshayo, okuzuzisa ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwesivinini esiphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ngesivinini esiphansi noma lapho uphumule, i-voltage eningi ingabangela ukuthi i-current inqamuke kaningi, okwandisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-switch futhi kubangele kokubili umshayeli ne-motor ukuthi bashise.

Ukungasebenzisi i-micro stepping noma ukwahlukaniswa okunganele:Kwimodi yesinyathelo esigcwele, i-waveform yamanje iyigagasi lesikwele, futhi i-current ishintsha kakhulu. Inani lamanje ku-coil lishintsha ngokuzumayo phakathi kuka-0 nenani eliphezulu, okuholela ekuqhumeni okukhulu kwe-torque nomsindo, kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphansi. Futhi i-micro stepping ishelela i-current change current (cishe igagasi le-sine), inciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-harmonic kanye ne-torque ripple, isebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile inciphisa ukukhiqizwa kokushisa okumaphakathi ngezinga elithile.

Imbangela yesithathu: Izinkinga zokulayisha ngokweqile noma zemishini

Umthwalo odlula isilinganiso: Uma injini isebenza ngaphansi komthwalo oseduze noma odlula i-torque yayo yokubamba isikhathi eside, ukuze inqobe ukumelana, umshayeli uzoqhubeka nokunikeza amandla aphezulu, okuholela ekushiseni okuphezulu okuqhubekayo.

Ukungqubuzana komshini, ukungalungi kahle, kanye nokujima: Ukufakwa okungalungile kwama-coupling, i-guide rails engalungile, nezinto zangaphandle esikulufini se-lead konke kungabangela imithwalo eyengeziwe nengadingekile enjinini, okuphoqa ukuthi isebenze kanzima futhi ikhiqize ukushisa okwengeziwe.

Imbangela yesine: Ukukhetha okungalungile kwenjini

Ihhashi elincane elidonsa inqola enkulu. Uma iphrojekthi ngokwayo idinga i-torque enkulu, bese ukhetha injini encane kakhulu ngobukhulu (njengokusebenzisa i-NEMA 17 ukwenza umsebenzi we-NEMA 23), ingasebenza kuphela ngaphansi kokulayishwa ngokweqile isikhathi eside, futhi ukushisa okukhulu kuwumphumela ongenakugwenywa.

Imbangela yesihlanu: Indawo yokusebenza embi kanye nezimo ezimbi zokushabalalisa ukushisa

Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu: Injini isebenza endaweni evaliwe noma endaweni eneminye imithombo yokushisa eseduze (njengemibhede yephrinta ye-3D noma amakhanda e-laser), okunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo kahle kokushabalalisa ukushisa.

Ukungena komoya ongokwemvelo okwanele: Injini ngokwayo ingumthombo wokushisa. Uma umoya ozungezile ungajikelezi, ukushisa akukwazi ukuthwalwa ngesikhathi esifanele, okuholela ekuqongeleleni kokushisa kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa okuqhubekayo.

Ingxenye 3: Izixazululo Ezisebenzayo -Izindlela Ezi-5 Zokupholisa Eziphumelelayo Zemoto Yakho Encane Yesitebhisi

Ngemva kokuthola imbangela, singakunikeza umuthi ofanele. Sicela uxazulule inkinga futhi ulungise ngokulandelana okulandelayo:

Isixazululo 1: Setha ngokunembile i-driving current (isinyathelo sokuqala esisebenza kahle kakhulu)

Indlela yokusebenza:Sebenzisa i-multimeter ukukala i-voltage yokubhekisela yamanje (i-Vref) kumshayeli, bese ubala inani lamanje elihambisanayo ngokwefomula (amafomula ahlukene abashayeli abahlukene). Yisethe ku-70% -90% wamandla wesigaba esilinganiselwe semoto. Isibonelo, imoto enomthamo olinganiselwe ongu-1.5A ingasethwa phakathi kuka-1.0A no-1.3A.

Kungani kusebenza kahle: Kunciphisa ngqo i-I kufomula yokukhiqiza ukushisa futhi kunciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa ngezikhathi eziyisikwele. Uma i-torque yanele, lena yindlela yokupholisa engabizi kakhulu.

Isixazululo 2: Lungiselela i-voltage yokushayela bese uvumela i-micro stepping

I-voltage yedrayivu: Khetha i-voltage ehambisana nezidingo zakho zesivinini. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zedeskithophu, i-24V-36V iyibanga elilingana kahle phakathi kokusebenza kanye nokukhiqizwa kokushisa. Gwema ukusebenzisa i-voltage ephezulu kakhulu 

Nika amandla ukuhlukaniswa okuphezulu kwezinyathelo ezincane: Setha umshayeli kwimodi yokunyathela encane ephezulu (njenge-division engu-16 noma engu-32). Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuletha ukunyakaza okubushelelezi nokuzolile, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-harmonic ngenxa ye-waveform yamanje ebushelelezi, okusiza ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kokushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesivinini esiphakathi nesiphansi.

Isixazululo 3: Ukufaka ama-heat sink kanye nokupholisa umoya ngenkani (ukushabalalisa ukushisa ngokomzimba)

Amaphiko okushabalalisa ukushisa: Kwabaningi abasebenzisa ama-miniature stepper motors (ikakhulukazi i-NEMA 17), ukunamathela noma ukubamba ama-fin okushisa e-aluminium alloy e-motor housing kuyindlela eqondile neyongayo. Isinki sokushisa sandisa kakhulu indawo yokushisa kwemoto, sisebenzisa ukujikeleza komoya kwemvelo ukususa ukushisa.

Ukupholisa umoya okuphoqelelwe: Uma umphumela wokusinki kokushisa ungakalungi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivalekile, ukwengeza ifeni encane (njengefeni engu-4010 noma engu-5015) ukuze kuphole umoya ngenkani kuyisisombululo esiphezulu. Ukuhamba komoya kungasusa ukushisa ngokushesha, futhi umphumela wokupholisa ubaluleke kakhulu. Lona umkhuba ojwayelekile kumaphrinta e-3D kanye nemishini ye-CNC.

Isixazululo 4: Lungiselela Izilungiselelo Zedrayivu (Amasu Athuthukisiwe)

Ama-drive amaningi ahlakaniphile anamuhla, anikeza ukusebenza kokulawula kwamanje okuthuthukisiwe:

I-StealthShop II kanye ne-SpreadCycle: Uma lesi sici sivuliwe, uma injini ingashintshi isikhathi esithile, amandla okushayela azokwehla ngokuzenzakalelayo abe ngu-50% noma ngaphansi kwamandla okusebenza. Ngenxa yokuthi injini isesimweni sokubamba isikhathi esiningi, lo msebenzi unganciphisa kakhulu ukushisa okungashintshi.

Kungani kusebenza: Ukuphathwa okuhlakaniphile kwamandla kagesi, ukuhlinzeka ngamandla anele uma kudingeka, ukunciphisa imfucuza uma kungadingeki, kanye nokonga amandla ngqo kanye nokupholisa okuvela emthonjeni.

Isixazululo 5: Hlola isakhiwo semishini bese ukhetha kabusha (isixazululo esiyisisekelo)

Ukuhlolwa kwemishini: Jikelezisa ngesandla i-motor shaft (isimo sokuvala ugesi) bese uzwa ukuthi ibushelelezi yini. Hlola lonke uhlelo lokudlulisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izindawo zokuqina, ukungqubuzana, noma ukuminyana. Uhlelo olubushelelezi lwemishini lunganciphisa kakhulu umthwalo emotor.

Ukukhetha kabusha: Uma ngemva kokuzama zonke izindlela ezingenhla, injini isashisa futhi i-torque yayo inganele, kungenzeka ukuthi injini ikhethiwe incane kakhulu. Ukufaka esikhundleni senjini ngencazelo enkulu (njengokuthuthukisa kusuka ku-NEMA 17 kuya ku-NEMA 23) noma ugesi osezingeni eliphezulu, nokuyivumela ukuthi isebenze ngaphakathi kwendawo yayo yokunethezeka, kuzoxazulula inkinga yokushisa ngokwemvelo.

Landela inqubo ukuze uphenye:

Uma ubhekene nenjini encane ye-stepper enokushisa okukhulu, ungayixazulula ngokuhlelekile inkinga ngokulandela inqubo elandelayo:

Injini ishisa kakhulu

Isinyathelo 1: Hlola ukuthi i-drive current isethwe phezulu kakhulu?

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Hlola ukuthi umthwalo wemishini usinda kakhulu noma ukungqubuzana kuphakeme?

Isinyathelo 3: Faka amadivayisi okupholisa angokoqobo

Namathisela isinki yokushisa

Engeza ukupholisa umoya okuphoqelelwe (ifeni encane)

Ingabe izinga lokushisa selithuthukile?

Isinyathelo 4: Cabanga ngokukhetha kabusha nokufaka imodeli enkulu yemoto esikhundleni sayo